When it comes to health and wellness, traditional medicine has long been the go-to solution. But could the benefits of Bitterbark tree surpass of conventional treatments? This remarkable plant possesses potent antimicrobial and antioxidant powers that can revolutionize your well-being. Let's dive into the world of this extraordinary tree and explore the many ways it can enhance your health.
Image taken from tropical.theferns.info
Introduction
The Bitterbark Tree, scientifically known as Sacoglottis gabonensis or more colloquially as Cherry Mahogany, is a fascinating botanical specimen that extends beyond its aesthetic appeal. Traditionally recognized for its uses in various medicinal practices, this tree has recently gained attention for the potent health-promoting compound it harbors—Bergenin.
In this blog post, we delve into the multifaceted world of the Bitterbark Tree and discuss is use in traditional medicine and the remarkable properties of Bergenin.
Join us on a journey beyond the ordinary, exploring the hidden potential of the Bitterbark Tree and the key compound, Bergenin, that makes it a unique player in the realm of natural health and wellness.
Bitterbark Tree Uses in Traditional Medicine
In Cameroon, an infusion of the Bitterbark Tree is used as an emetic and for treating fevers, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, and abdominal pain. Its versatile applications extend to addressing hypertension and diabetes. The bark decoction, used to alleviate stomach-ache, is also incorporated as a spice in food, particularly for inducing warmth in nursing and pregnant mothers.
Among the Kola pygmies and Mvae people in coastal Cameroon, a decoction combining crushed Bitterbark Tree bark is used as a rectal enema to address acute abdominal pain. The tree's medicinal influence reaches across borders, as seen in Congo, where a stem bark decoction is used to cure challenging cases of dermatitis.
Furthermore, in Sierra Leone, the Bitterbark Tree's bark decoction is used for stomach-ache relief and as a spice to generate warmth in nursing and pregnant mothers' diets. Coastal Côte d'Ivoire embraces the tree's medicinal properties, using diluted stem sap in hip baths to enhance muscle tone in women post-childbirth. In Gabon, an extract from the stem bark is consumed as an emetic, while Senegal and Congo incorporate a stem bark decoction mixed with other plants in bathwater to address ovarian issues, vaginal infections, and children's fevers.
Notably, the Bitterbark Tree is also reported to possess aphrodisiac properties. Its role extends beyond general ailments, as documented in Gabon, where it is used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases. Additionally, in Nigeria, the tree is utilized in the management and treatment of malaria, showcasing the diverse and integral role of the Bitterbark tree in traditional medicinal practices.
Unveiling Bergenin: The Power Compound in Bitterbark Tree
Bergenin, the hidden gem within the Bitterbark Tree, emerges as a key player in understanding the tree's health benefits. This glycoside compound is found not only in the Bitterbark Tree but also in various other plants, signifying its importance in nature.
Currently Bergenin is commercially extracted from Ardisia and Bergenia spp. (Siberian tea and marlberry bush) and is used as a weight-loss product, e.g. in body building. Bergenin increases the body’s ability to decompose fat. This prevents the body from storing excess fat, and encourages the burning of fat in the body. Results from studies so far show that participants using supplement containing bergenin have increased weight loss over participants who are not.
Bergenin's significance lies in the fact that it is glycoside in nature (a glycoside is a compound composed of a sugar molecule linked to a non-sugar molecule). In the case of Bergenin, this linkage plays a crucial role in its biological activities.
Hepatoprotective Properties:
Among Bergenin's notable attributes is its hepatoprotective ability (the ability of a chemical substance to prevent damage to the liver). This quality positions Bergenin as a potential ally in promoting liver health and resilience.
Antioxidant Activity:
Bergenin doesn't stop at liver protection; it actively participates in antioxidant processes. Bergenin becomes a crucial defender against oxidative stress—a cause of many health concerns.
Preservation of Vegetable Oils:
The practical applications of Bergenin extend to the realm of food preservation. Studies have shown its ability to protect stored vegetable oils from peroxidative deterioration. This suggests a role not only in human health but also in preserving the quality of essential food sources.
Blood Plasma Effects:
Bergenin has an influence on blood plasma components. When added to the drinking water of rats, the Bergenin-rich extract affects the blood clotting and coagulation processes.
Image taken from /tropical.theferns.info/
Other Useful Phytochemistry in the Bitterbark Tree
All parts of the plant contain potentially active molecules like polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and sugars.
Polyphenols:
Polyphenols are a large group of chemical compounds found in plants. They have antioxidant properties, meaning they help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Common sources of polyphenols include fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, and red wine.
Tannins:
Tannins are a type of polyphenol that are known for their astringent taste. They can bind to and precipitate proteins. Tannins are often found in plant tissues such as bark, leaves, and fruits. In addition to their role in plant defense mechanisms, tannins have been studied for their potential health benefits.
Flavonoids:
Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds with diverse biological activities. They are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, tea, and red wine. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties.
Saponins:
Saponins are naturally occurring compounds found in various plant species. They have a structure that includes a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a lipophilic (fat-attracting) tail. This structure allows them to form foamy structures when shaken in water, similar to soap. Saponins are known for their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Alkaloids:
Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that often contain basic nitrogen atoms. They are produced by a variety of organisms, including plants, and have diverse pharmacological effects. Many alkaloids have pronounced physiological effects on humans and animals. Examples of alkaloids include caffeine, nicotine, morphine, and quinine.
Cautions and Toxicity
For humans, the findings from the tests done on mice suggest caution and careful consideration when using Bitter bark tree or its extracts. While the stem bark extract appears to be safe at therapeutic doses for rats, studies indicate potential liver damage at higher concentrations. The toxic effects observed in mice, including depression and paralysis, indicate a need for prudence in determining appropriate dosages for human use.
It's crucial for individuals to be aware of these potential toxic effects and, if considering the use of Bitterbark tree or its extracts, to consult with healthcare professionals. This highlights the importance of responsible and informed use of herbal remedies, considering both traditional knowledge and scientific evidence.
Conclusion
The traditional uses of the Bitterbark Tree in various African regions paint a vivid tapestry of its role in indigenous medicine and cultural practices. Bergenin, the key compound found within the Bitterbark Tree, adds another layer of significance. Its hepatoprotective properties, antioxidant activity, and role in preserving vegetable oils underscore the potential health benefits derived from this natural source.
As we navigate the intersection of tradition and science, the Bitterbark Tree emerges as a botanical treasure with the promise of contributing to modern health and wellness practices. The journey from traditional applications to scientific recognition not only enhances our understanding of natural remedies but also paves the way for further research and exploration into the untapped potential of this remarkable tree.
For research references, check out bitterbark tree/cherry mahogany fact sheet